Mathaman Marika began painting on single panel bark for non-ceremonial purposes around 1940. This followed visits by anthropologists to Yirrkala, who would commission bark paintings in their attempt to translate Yolŋu customs to people living in urban centres. Marika had work collected by the 1948 American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land, led by Charles Mountford. In 1963, Marika and his four brothers led the development and presentation of the Yirrkala bark petitions to the Australian Government, showcasing the intrinsic relationship between art making and political activism for Yolŋu peoples.