Dubuffet rejected traditional methods and sources of painting and advocated for the study of marginal art forms, which he termed art brut. Art brut embraced the art of children, amateurs and the mentally unstable, as well as found objects and the rough scribblings of graffiti. Arab in a burnous is one of twelve resolved paintings that Dubuffet made in 1948–49 which reflected his recent travels in Algeria. The engaging amalgam of childlike forms and graffiti-inspired draughtsmanship seen in this painting reflects Dubuffet’s fascination with art brut, while maintaining the sophistication of a haunting evocation of a windswept Saharan vision.